In light of Tolkien’s Catholic faith, one parallel between the Old Testament and the Silmarillion is that of the Downfall of Numenor and Noah’s Flood (and, to a lesser extent, the Eden story).
If you’ve read the Silmarillion, you’re familiar with the tale of Numenor’s slow corruption and eventual destruction. The story of Noah, which is similar to that of Numenor, is a short one in which God floods the earth due to humanity’s sinfulness yet spares Noah and his family.
In Genesis 6, human lifespan is decreased, God decreeing that “their days will be 120 years” (Gen. 6:3) because his Spirit is leaving humankind and they are marrying among people of lesser lineage (6:2). Before this, Genesis records people living over 900 years, much like how in Numenor those of the high line of Elros “had long life even according to the measure of the Numenoreans” (Silmarillion 261). As Elros’ descendants intermarry with lesser Men, the Alkallabeth records that their lifespans decreased—in the Unfinished Tales, this is a major point of conflict in the betrothal of Erendis and Aldarion as well. (Unfinished Tales 177).
Subsequently, God sees in Genesis 6:5-7 how great the evil of the human race has become, and becomes deeply troubled, deciding that he must wipe humanity off the face of the earth because of how corrupt his creation is. This almost directly parallels the Alkallabeth, where the puppeteering of Sauron in Ar-Pharazon’s kingship kindles corruption in the form of a dark cult of Morgoth, turning the Numenoreans against the Valar (Silm. 273). This leads to the eventual sundering of Aman from the rest of Arda, and the drowning of the civilization of Numenor by Eru.
Let’s take a step back to the story of the Garden of Eden in Genesis 1-3. God gave to Adam and Eve, and by extension the rest of humanity, “the Garden of Eden to work it and take care of it” (Gen. 2:15). The mission of humankind is to be thoughtful stewards of the bountiful land (and its animal and plant inhabitants) that God entrusted to them as a free gift, and they have complete reign over it, barring one stipulation: they must not eat from a lone tree at the center of the garden (Gen. 2:17). God intended this to be for Adam and Eve’s protection, as in eating fruit from the tree they would desire that which they could not have—to be like God, which, being human, they could not do.
As the discerning reader may notice, this scenario is very similar to how Numenor came about. Numenor was “made for the Edain to dwell in” (Silm. 260), and was dubbed by the Valar “Andor, the Land of Gift” (260). Numenor and its people increased in power and wisdom under the light of Aman, much like God’s intention for Eden. And, again like Eden, the Numenoreans had free reign over the land gifted to them with one exception: they must not sail to the West and in doing so “desire to overpass the limits set to their bliss” (262). Being of the kindred of Men, they could not have the everlasting life of the Eldar and Ainur, and so they would destroy the bliss of Numenor by desiring what they could not have—like Adam and Eve in Eden.
Eden falls when humanity listens to the whispers of Satan in its ears (Gen. 3:6-7). As discussed previously, this also happens with Numenor.
Returning to Noah’s story, Noah and his kin are able to escape the fate of the rest of the world because they are faithful to God (Gen. 7:1). They take with them the remnants of the former world in order to build a new one. This is what occurs with Elendil and his followers also; “the Faithful put aboard their wives and their children, and their heirlooms, and great store of goods” (Silm. 276). They also took with them a sapling of Nimloth, the White Tree of Numenor, which was a symbol of the light and goodness of the Undying Lands untainted by Sauron’s malice. Humankind may have lost their Eden in the Downfall of Numenor, but the continued lineage of the White Tree speaks to a chance for future redemption, as does the rainbow at the end of Noah’s story.
This discussion will be continued later bc I have to go to workkkk